The Importance of Childrens Summer Camps and Programs free essay sample

A paper which discusses the importance of organized summer camps and programs in youth development. This paper presents to the reader the importance of organized summer camps and programs in youth development. A special emphasis throughout the paper is placed on the influence of recreation on child development and personal growth. By defining the effect of the summer camp experience and presenting relevant statistics from reputable opinion leaders, this paper reveals that summer camp programs play a significant role in the youth development. There are three key development areas discussed in this paper, which include social skills, self-identity and physical/ health. Camps offer the opportunity for attendees to gain a wide exposure to different people in different walks of life. Campers come from diverse socio-economic classes, different backgrounds and different family structures. Therefore, the development of compassion and empathy for fellow human beings is a core social development area. Camps offer children opportunities to share stories around a campfire, to contribute their thoughts, ideas and suggestions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Childrens Summer Camps and Programs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As children acknowledge the thoughts and feelings of other children, it is natural to develop compassion for each other. Learning to be understanding, to be civil and accepting of other individuals will aid campers in social situations as they grow older and particularly as they become adults.

External Factors Essay Example

General Electric Internal/External Factors Essay Example General Electric Internal/External Factors Essay General Electric Internal/External Factors Essay General Electric Internal/External Factors For over one hundred thirty years General Electric has helped shape this country to the comforts known today. Their company motto â€Å"imagination at work† says it all. With their ability to adapt to the ever changing environment around them as lead the company’s success and drive over the years. In today’s corporate world you can not find a stronger company that has learned and changed through time. The following looks at how they survived and grew for over a century. A strong company learns to adapt to different factors in the world. Most of these factors come from within a company which tends to break the company down over time. General Electric has learned to watch for issues like this and works to keep its employees as a major part of the company’s decisions. It was best stated by the company’s CEO Jeff Immelt back in 2005, â€Å"At the top, we dont run GE like a big company. We run it like a big partnership, where every leader can make a contribution not just to their job, but to the entire Company† (GE, 2005). The company learned to listen to its leaders on all levels which keep the company connected to the daily needs of the employees and its customers. General Electric learned that these individuals see more of the company everyday and in order to make sure they have the best leaders in each level to control the daily business they have built their own team training program. For over 50 years the General Electric company has been sending its leaders to the John F. Welch leadership center to further educate the company’s employees in order for better results out of the next generations leaders. On top of the continued education of their employees the company faces external challenges each day. For years the challenge has presented its self for the company to produce energy efficient products and they have risen to the occasion. Today you will find that they are still given the challenge to help our environment and they are ready to help. Today’s economy still fights to try and create new ways to reduce harmful gas emission and find alternate means of energy. General Electric has taken this challenge and worked on many projects help the environment that today’s society is currently creating. One thought was to reduce the amount of emissions and General Electric has stepped up with the new Integrated Compressor Line (ICL). The ICL has reduced both CO2 emissions and reduced the use of 38, 250 liters of lubricant oil for each unit’s life (GE, 2008). These are just some ways that General Electric has thrived over the years. They have followed the fact of watching the economy and building strong leaders to help plan and control all aspects of the company. The emergence of globalization has caused numerous companies to change the way they function as an organization. Globalization affects all the functions of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. General Electric Company is on the forefront of globalization and has adapted to meet the needs of a new global marketplace. For the function of planning, GE has made changes with respect to globalization. By throwing out the old top-to-bottom model of planning, GE has created teams of junior staffers, taken for their ability to think creatively. The company has also begun to make interactions with clients and suppliers, which is a dramatic shift from the close-to-the-vest approach of yesteryear (Byrne, 1996). In regard to organizing, GE has effectively shifted from an industry leading manufacturer, to a service-focused international conglomerate with activities in energy, construction, financial services, and health services (Auchard, 2008). In a recent speech, CEO of GE Jeff Immelt made it perfectly clear that GE will maintain a global approach to running itself, now and in the future. Immelt said I am a globalist. You are a globalist. We all believe in the strength of the global economy, (Auchard, 2008, para. 4) as quoted in a recent article. The survival of a company depends on its ability to utilize current, developing, and new technologies. Technology affects every aspect of business, from manufacturing, to management, to communication. Advances in technology allow companies to enter markets that it was unable to in the past. For example, GE has developed a new technology for MRI machines in the United States and does research in India for low cost. GE then sells them in emerging markets, such as China and other East Asian countries (Auchard, 2008). A venture like this takes an incredible amount of planning and organizing. First, the company needs to locate and assess potential markets. Then they would have to organize the resources needed to create, manufacture and distribute the product. Next, they need the leadership to influence the creation of the product throughout every stage of development. Lastly, they have to assess if the venture was successful and make recommendations to improve the process now and in future ventures. As a company General Electric is very much about innovation and innovative thought. This is readily apparent from not only their slogan â€Å"imagination at work† but also when one looks back to General Electric’s humble beginnings when their research laboratory was first built. It was during that time when General Electric established one of its main priorities (General Electric, 2008). The research laboratory’s purpose was to discover new things and to figure out a way to put those new discoveries to use. An example of this would be General Electric’s DLN 2. 6+ Combustion System. This system was created in response to higher gas prices and more stringent emission requirements. It not only saves fuel but lowers CO2 emissions (General Electric, 2008). The development of the DLN 2. 6+ Combustion System shows that even today General Electric still makes goals and objectives to help them grow while bringing â€Å"innovative technology to the world† (General Electric, 2008). Bringing innovative technology to the world is not a simple task. This task would require a large amount of resources. Fortunately, General Electric has found a way to obtain the needed resources. Over the years General Electric has spread to locations around the world which in turn has given them access to vast resources within each country. In countries that are experiencing enormous growth such as China General Electric has been able to build and develop resources successfully (General Electric, 2008). General Electric prides itself on not only the quality of its products but also the quality of its leadership. The CEO of General Electric Jeff Immelt believes in looking at the big picture and how General Electric fits into that picture (General Electric, 2008). As such he believes in everyone making a contribution to both his or her jobs and the entire company (General Electric, 2008). Also since Jeff Immelt became CEO General Electric has been recognized in polls as Americas Most Admired Company and of the Worlds Most Respected Companies they have also seen a variety of successes in discovering and producing innovative products (General Electric, 2008). As a company General Electric prides itself on integrity along with innovation. As such they have very strong governance principals that they follow in order to maintain fully compliant. General Electric’s principals outline everything from the role of the board and management to the policy on poison pills (General Electric, 2008). Their principals provide the framework that General Electric uses maintain their high compliance standards which have earned them their 10. 0 rating from Governance Metrics (General Electric, 2008). Over the years General Electric as a company has grown to include locations worldwide. As General Electric grew its workforce changed and began to include people from diverse backgrounds speaking a multitude of languages. As General Electric continues to grow worldwide they have the ability to call upon their diverse workforce to aid them in creating goals that will allow them to advance within other countries such as China or India (General Electric, 2008). General Electric recruits employees of various backgrounds from all over the world. The career portal on their website offers jobs in their various locations in many different countries written in the peoples native languages. This helps General Electric obtain talent from various countries (General Electric, 2008). General Electric also has network groups such as the GE Womens Network, the African American Forum and the Asian/ Pacific-American Forum. The goal of these groups is to attract and retain talented individuals of various backgrounds and to provide a place for individuals of similar backgrounds to get together and obtain support within their work environment (General Electric, 2008). By having these types of group within there organization General Electric makes it easier for their goals to be achieved. These groups help to create cohesion within the company and a clear understanding of everyones roles. Ethics influence’s all four of the functions of management at General Electric. General Electric uses technology to better the world. General Electrics planning is based around their roots. They started small and worked their way up. Setting goals from a barn in his back yard Steinmetz convinced the higher up’s that the company would benefit from a research laboratory. By having a laboratory the company could perform more tests and grow in the technology to help others. While Steinmetz and Whitney might not recognize the facilities today, they would feel very comfortable with the lab’s mission - spurring GEs growth by bringing innovative technology to the world (General Electric, 2008). General Electric’s organizing goes hand in hand with the planning because once you have the plan you must put the ball in motion. The company needs a certain type of people to and a certain work environment to promote the atmosphere needed to bring their mission to light. GE’s mission is to bring innovative technology to the world. GE’s leadership is the top personal that sees that all the planning and organizing goes they way the company would like it to. GE encourages their personal to learn as much as they can in order to move up into a leadership position. The leadership of the company makes sure that they are teaching and letting any personal that would like to learn in order to advance that they can. Their controlling is like the leadership part but has more of a structure to it. For example a way they control things is with rules, regulations and policies. With out those things there would be ciaos. So over all the ethics in General Electric appear to be very good with high standers to keep the company moving and afloat. Overall the manager is just one person who requires the help of their staff to follow through on all of the offices work throughout the day. The biggest tool the management has is to delegate task out to the team so that all parts of the job are completed. By assigning different task to their employees they have the ability to complete more tasks and to see how well an employee handles themselves under the extra responsibility. For example the manager can delegate the task of controller to an individual in one division of the office to see how they handle the job. In the end delegation is another part of the manager’s job in order to complete all task in a timely manner . Understanding the principles and basic functions builds a strong foundation for any manager and company. So looking back you will see that following the basic principles and functions of management will help to build a strong career. By looking at growth of a company like General Electric you will also find that the benefits of a solid manager will build a company that will last the test of time. One can only hope by attaining the knowledge they can succeed the same way. Reference: Auchard E. , (2008). Globalization is a Tough Sell, GE’s Immelt Says. Reuters. com. Retrieved April 27, 2008, from reuters. com/article/ousiv/idUSN0620856720070708? pageNumber=2virtualBrandChannel=0sp=true Byrne J. A. , (1996). Strategic Planning. BusinessWeek. com. Retrieved April 25, 2008, from businessweek. com/1996/35/b34901. htm General Electric Company, 2008, Leadership, retrieved April 27, 2008, from ge. com/company/leadership/index. tml General Electric News, 2008, Shades of Green, retrieved April 27, 2008, from geoilandgas. com/businesses/ge_oilandgas/en/newsletter/geog_enews_feb08_022908/ecomagination. html General Electric. (2008). Heritage of Research: Our History: Our Company. Retrieved April 28, 2008, from ge. com/company/history/research. html General Electric. (2008). GE Energy DLN 2. 6+ Combustion System. Retrieved April 28, 2008, from gepower. com/prod_serv/serv_for/g as_steam_turbines/en/cmus/dln26. htm General Electric. (2008). GE Worldwide Activities: Climate Change, Olympics, USCAP. Retrieved April 28, 2008, from ge. com/company/worldwide_activities/index. html General Electric. (2008). GE Jeffrey R. Immelt: CEO, Chairman, Career, Biography, Profile. Retrieved April 28, 2008, from ge. com/company/leadership/ceo. html General Electric. (2008). GE Leadership: CEO, Executives, Management, Board of Directors. Retrieved April 28, 2008, from ge. com/company/leadership/index. html General Electric. (2008). GE Governance: Principles, Succession, Leadership, Management. Retrieved April 28, 2008, from ge. com/company/governance/principles/index. html

The Definition of a College Super Senior

The Definition of a College Super Senior The term super senior refers to a student who attends a four-year institution (either high school or college) for more than four years. Such students are sometimes called fifth-year seniors, as well.   The name stems from the fact that high school and college students typically take four years to get their diplomas. Each year of school has its own name: Your first year is your freshman year, your second year is your sophomore year, your third year is your junior year and your fourth year is your senior year. But theres another category of student that doesnt fit those labels: People who arent done with college after their senior year.   Enter the term super senior. Perhaps because its becoming increasingly common for students to take 5 (or more) years to finish college, the term super senior is becoming increasingly common as well. Who Qualifies as a Super Senior? The connotations of super senior vary a bit and depend on an individual students situation. Calling someone who is double majoring in chemistry and biology and then planning on going to medical school a super senior merely acknowledges they are in their fifth year. In contrast, calling someone a super senior because theyve failed multiple classes  and perhaps enjoy the party scene rather than work to finish in four years is, indeed, a bit of a put down. There can be legitimate reasons why people take more than four years to finish college. Classes, particularly at bigger schools, can be difficult to get into, making it a challenge to complete your degree requirements by the end of senior year. That becomes even more  difficult if youve changed your major a few times, effectively cutting down the amount of time you have to get everything done. And from time to time, people encounter personal challenges or medical situations that delay their ability to graduate. Sometimes being a super senior is part of the plan. There are a variety of schools and programs that offer things like dual degrees, a fifth-year masters degree, or a fellowship that requires extra enrollment beyond four years. Or maybe youll come across a great semester-long internship program that requires you to take a reduced number of credits: Taking the job may mean you graduate later than planned, but youll do so with experiences and a resume that will make you more competitive in the job market. Super seniors are simply another part of a college community. Is It Bad to Be a Super Senior? Taking more than four years to graduate college isnt inherently bad - employers generally care whether or not you got the degree, not how long it took you to earn it. That being said, one of the greatest consequences of taking longer to complete college is the financial burden. Scholarships are sometimes limited to the first four years of study, and there are limits on federal student loans to undergraduates. No matter how you figure out how to pay for it, an extra year or more of tuition payments wont come cheap. On the other hand, doing a fifth-year masters program could actually help you save money. In the end, the most important thing is that you reach whatever goals brought you to college in the first place.

The Role of a Military Officer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Role of a Military Officer - Essay Example The paper tells that although work in the military is perilous, stressful, demanding and a non-lucrative occupation, nevertheless, there is no better reward than to be regarded as someone of service to the community wherein we and our loved ones are living in. That objective alone establishes a sufficient motivation for me to go through this challenge. He is aware that being a Military Officer carries with it a great responsibility and requires utmost devotion and determination. It is his aspiration to gain knowledge and expertise in this field to be of efficient service. He believes that every man has his own destiny. And in his heart, this is what he is committed to pursue. As a Military Officer, he is expected to possess the necessary qualifications to fulfill this delicate function. Society must be assured that he has a keen understanding and appreciation of the true nature and significance of the military profession and have a thorough awareness of the social responsibilities it entails. It is important to be trained to be an effective leader in all aspects of army life and to be responsible for a team of soldiers and other personnel under my command. Aside from possessing high degrees of self-discipline and excellent physical and mental fitness, he is required of expertise, broad liberal education and technical knowledge to effectively apply military force in an orderly manner. Society expects that its Military Officers are committed, competent and capable of taking any mission whose objective is to protect and defend the country.

Reading Response 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reading Response 2 - Essay Example ling is overcome, when it appears that it is a normal thing that happens daily, with people exchanging the old cars they do not want with other new ones, which is the business of Avis Rent-a-Car, a dealership company. However, the most unique element of the company is the mode of advertisements it places for the trade-ins, which almost always makes individuals ready to exchange their cars with those offered by this company, due to the luring nature of the advertisements. For the company, sexuality takes a center stage in the advertisement, while infidelity is the most apparent and common feature displayed by the advertisements. However, this exchange is aligned to the husband-wife infidelity, making anyone who gives out or receives a car from the company feel a bit uncomfortable about the exchange. The thesis of this reading revolves around the discomfort of car trade-ins, where giving up an old car that have served an individual well over the years for a used-new car is not a good idea. There are many comma splices, sentence fragments and run-ons, which affects the smooth flow of the reading, making it not enjoyable and even difficult to understand. There is a limited application of conjunctions and punctuations that would have made the reading enjoyable and comprehensible. However, the most admirable and worth appreciating thing about the reading is the fact personification has been applied so well in the reading, making the old cars elicit feelings in the reader, as they do to the car trade-in participants. The complains that the old cars wage against their owners for disposing them in exchange for other ones makes the reader feel the pain of betrayal and abandonment (Fish, 1). This feeling can easily be related with an experience I had of abandoning my friends when I had t o join college. This experience was one full of mixed feeling, since I enjoyed advancing with my studies and thus felt happy and excited to leave my locality to join college. There was also a

The Sin Tax Bill How Its Affect the Bar Industry in the Philippines Essay Example for Free

The Sin Tax Bill How Its Affect the Bar Industry in the Philippines Essay In 2011, there was a tax increase on alcoholic beverages. The tax increase depended on the alcohol content and the net retail price of the beverage. This however had little effect on bars/pubs in the Philippines because the tax increase was not significant. Many consumers did not feel the price change too much because of the relatively high mark-ups at bars/pubs. PROSPECTS In 2011, the Philippine government was reviewing a bill which proposes to increase alcohol and tobacco taxes quite significantly in the Philippines. If the bill is passed, this may negatively impact sales in bars/pubs in the Philippines. The higher prices of alcohol may result in less alcohol consumption by consumers when they dine-in at bars/pubs. INTRODUCTION MANILA, Philippines—A sin tax on cigarettes and alcohol dampened the New Year party spirit when it was introduced in the Philippines Tuesday, as part of a government bid to boost finances. Many stores started selling tobacco and drink at inflated prices before midnight, ahead of the official implementation of the tax hikes on January 1, 2013 hitting partygoers in the pocket. Tax on cigarettes will gradually be raised to P30 ($0.72) per pack by 2017, roughly doubling the current price to around 52 pesos. Duty on alcohol will also increase gradually until 2017, increasing the price of a bottle of beer by 23.50 pesos, with varying levels for other drinks including wine and spirits. It will be further increased by four percent each year thereafter. The new prices compared to countries like Singapore, for example, are still low, but for the ordinary Filipinos they are expensive, said Laudemer Angeles, a 33-year-old shop owner in the town of Bacoor, south of Manila. Many of my customers were complaining about the higher prices and were not too happy when they bought their booze and smokes for their parties last night. Anti-smoking campaigner Emer Rojas said he hoped the new taxes would lead to a gradual decline in the number of people suffering from tobacco-related illness. I think the sin taxes should even be raised higher, he told AFP. But we commend President Aquino for showing his resolve in signing the law. The government has said that the country of 100 million has the highest incidence of smoking in the region, with tobacco-related diseases costing the country P177 billion ($4.3 billion) last year. The new taxes aim to raise P33 billion ($800 million) this year alone, gradually increasing over the coming years. A large percentage of the money will go towards the government’s healthcare program. The government first asked Congress to raise taxes on â€Å"sin† products as early as 1997, but a strong lobby by tobacco manufacturers stifled change. The lobby included members of Congress representing tobacco-growing regions as well as powerful cigarette companies that enjoyed one of the lowest tobacco taxes in Southeast Asia. Published on Tuesday, January 1st, 2013 Link: http://www.euromonitor.com/cafes-bars-in-the-philippines/report http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/333451/philippines-sin-tax-introduced-dampens-new-year-fun

Mapp vs. Ohio: Illegal Search and Seizure Essay -- Court Case Mapp Ohi

Mapp vs. Ohio: Illegal Search and Seizure The case of Mapp vs. Ohio is one of the most important Supreme Court decisions of the last century. Until this decision, the rights against illegal search and seizure had no method to be enforced. Up until this time, previous cases at set precedents provided little or no protection from illegal searches and seizures for the accused facing state prosecution. On May 23, 1957, Miss Dollree Mapp heard a knocking at her door (170 Ohio Street). When she asked who it was, three men identified themselves as Cleveland police officers. The officers stated that they believed a fugitive was hiding in her home. Miss Mapp told the officers that there was no one else in her home. They asked her for entrance. Miss Mapp phoned her attorney, and was instructed not to let the police into her home. The police grudgingly left, and set up surveillance around the home. Around three hours later, the police officers returned to Miss Mapp's residence, and was met by four additional officers as well. The officers gave Miss Mapp little time to respond to their presence, and almost immediately forced entry through several of the entrances to Miss Mapp’s home. Miss Mapp's attorney arrived on the scene to provide council, but was met by the police instead. The police held him outside, preventing him from meeting with his client. When Miss Mapp was confronted by the officers, she demanded to see the search warrant. An officer held up a piece of paper, which is believed to be a fake warrant. Miss Mapp grabbed the paper, and put it down her blouse. The police then forcibly tried to retrieve the "warrant" from Miss Mapp's blouse. They handcuffed her for being "belligerent". The police then proceeded to search every room in the entire house. In the basement, they found a trunk, which they opened. Inside they found materials that they considered to be â€Å"obscene†. They retrieved all the materials, and charged her with the possession of obscene material (Ohio Rev. Code, 2905.34: "No person shall knowingly . . . have in his possession or under his control an obscene, lewd, or lascivious book, magazine, pamphlet, paper, writing, advertisement, circular, print, picture . . . or drawing . . . of an indecent or immoral nature . . . . Whoever violates this section shall be fined not less than two hundred nor more than two tho... ...ow meant that citizens had different rights depending on what state they lived in. This allowed another way for prosecutors to abuse the system. They could attempt to get cases to be heard in states which did not have an exclusionary rule adopted. By applying the federal exclusionary rule to all the states, all citizens would be equally protected. While a controversial decision at the time, the creation of the exclusionary rule is now one of the backbones of the accused rights in American society. As a review, Mapp's rights were clearly violated by the Police department and by the State of Ohio. Had it not been for the Supreme Court to enforce her constitutional rights, her conviction would have gone unjust. Theres many arguments between the prosecutors, police, and defense about the Mapps case. Views such as "how is the police department supposed to stop crime if they cant search it out and find it with the disability the fourth amendment brings to them". How can defense attourneys defend subjects/victims if they have no privacy due to the lack of support on the fourth amendment. The Mapps case is a perfect example of how the Supreme Court impacts our society.

The Hazard of Internet, Cell Phone, and Television Addiction

I am a technology addict. When I have my computer connected to the internet, I can forget the time. I am very busy to search any informations through the internet. Beside internet, I also use my cell phone to chat with my friends all day long. One more activity that can make me addicted is spending my time to watch my favorite TV programs. Yeah, those three kinds of technology are very enjoyable. But, I want people to know the potential risk of over using internet, cell phone, and television in the daily life.First of all, those three kinds of technology make us lazy. Take a look when we are too enjoy watching our favorite TV programs, we will postpone our assignments. We will delay them in 5 minutes later, then 5 minute later again, and again, and finally we don't finish them. Moreover, our time for studying are reduce. We are more interested watching television, browsing through internet, or chatting by phone than study the lesson. When we get assignments from lecturers, we just co py and paste from internet.Once we are too over using those technologies, we will be very wasteful person. for example, If we chat with friends all day long, we will spend so much money to pay phone bills. If we are blogging through the internet, we also have to pay the bandwidth bills. Or maybe, sometimes we don't turn off the computer or the television until we are fall asleep, so the electric claim will increase. Thus, our monthly expense will uncontrolable.Some studies find that over use of those technologies can create diseaseses. A simple example is if we are sitting in front of the screen for a long time without rest, absolutely we will get stomachache, headache, and back pain. The radiation of television or computer screen are also dangerous for our eyes. Just take a look to me, who has been suffered myopic since I become television addict. Another case is when we are using cell phone, actually, we are potentially get the brain cancer.According to Vini Khurana, one of Britai n's top neurosurgeons, using cell phones for more than 10 years can effectively double risk of developing the cancer, such as Vestibular schwannoma (accoustic neuroma) and Astrocytoma (Karachi, 2008). How terrible they are, aren't they? No doubt that those three kinds of technology bring big impact in our life. They give us pleasure and happines. So we can very addict of them. But, they will be very dangerous for us, if we can not manage the time to use them. Thus, cosidering the potential risk of them are very important. (an23)

The Obsession Neurosis

According to Paul Ricoeur’s point of view in the idea of theology and religion, there seems to be no exact definition on the context of universality.   The irony follows in the context of the variation of the extent of Naming God and believing in God.   It is evident that the world of today is liberal and is open in the idea of religion and in beliefs, hence, it connotes that for some, the existence of God is still not established—although several followers tend to call for his name.   The valuable conviction of Paul Ricoeur, one which is far admirably different from theology experts, offers a whole new dimension of deliberation and discussion on how individuals name God—philosopher to philosopher, and idea and perception for such delight.God, leader, saviour—all of which are used in â€Å"calling† God and uttering such name for whatsoever it may serve a person.   However, the shallow connotation stressed by the author is blatantly seen in t he arena of â€Å"conviction.† Ricoeur’s belief is mostly philosophical and thoroughly surfaces in the justification of External Reality.   Religion plays an important role in every man’s life. Its impact is manifested on every person daily affairs and his or her behavior. Hundreds of literatures that explicitly tackle religion have already been written. While the list may be inexhaustible, the Metamorphoses, Aeneid, Inferno and Odyssey serve as some of the popular literary works where a religious strand can be looked into.The fact that the Metamorphoses by Ovid composed of mythological stories printed in the form of poetry gives one the first impression that divine beings are already incorporated into the book and that, consequently, the â€Å"myth† in these literary piece may have something to do with religion. True enough, the various sections found within the book have a common subject— the power of a divine entity and how such power determin es the fate of men. Most of the transformations that happen in the stories are of people being â€Å"punished† for â€Å"the sins† they have committed (Ovid, p. 171).This punishment of sins can be taken to mean as one way of reflecting justice in the sense that the action of man is essentially incorporated with a corresponding responsibility and that God—or religion—has a corresponding role in the provision of these sanctions.   Moreover, the author does not only fall in the line of rhetoric canonization against his own conviction, rather on the spiritual and doxological context of the question.  What are you, then, my God? . . . most high, excellent, most powerful, omnipotent, supremely merciful and supremely just, most hidden yet intimately present, infinitely beautiful and infinitely strong.[1]In this certain line, however, there seems to be another standpoint in the idea of Naming God.  Ã‚   In essence, such strengthens the point raised on the e arlier part and undeniably gives further analysis and interpretation that there exists a difference in Naming God; although there has been no evidence of the â€Å"power† which individuals apparently call as God. The author often used a Freudian philosophy in substantiating his arguments.   He stresses that Freud believes that religion has played a great part in the making of society, of humankind. In his writings before, he regards religion as an illusion, which is clearly equivalent to atheism. He then realizes that the idea of God and the religious teachings are some of human being’s strangest thoughts.Freud’s argument about religion is that, it is and output of what he called the Oedipus complex, or the sexual desire of the son to the mother (Ricoeur, 1995). In his argument, he states that the child competes against the father, who also has strong libidinal desires towards the mother. Because of this interference by the father, the child is prohibited to e xpress his sexual interests in towards his mother. The father figure represents divergence and hindrance for the child.If we look at it in another angle, this hindrance creates a limit for the mothers’ happiness, thus creating the reality principle. This leads to reason thus, this reason is the one responsible for regulating desire. This became the basis of the father figure connection, in which the Western religions glorify the submission to the father, thus creating the image of a Father-God (Ricoeur, 1995). This has been a basis of civilization, wherein they are accepting the principle of reality and the acceptance of restraints and prohibitions by an â€Å"authority.† This is the main principle in how they were able to connect human desires with the law.Further, according to Freud, as stresses in the book, neurosis is an individual religion, and religion is a universal obsession neurosis. Freud implies that religion is the suppression, the renunciation of certain i nstinctual impulses, which are not limited components of the sexual desire or instinct; they seek for themselves and are really socially harmful instincts, regardless of the sexual component.   The subject of illusion is another critical part of Freud’s say of that of religion. But we must always consider that illusion is different from delusion. Illusion is much more of the religious beliefs type. Included in illusions is the concept of religion.Accordingly, it doesn’t mean that it is not true, or has no validity, where in fact these things maybe true. But, what Freud questions is the source of these beliefs. The undisciplined and uncritical human wishes. By focusing on the relationship between the individuals and God in the Metamorphoses, one can immediately draw the idea that religion is the binding force between the two, bridging the invisible—and perhaps inconceivable—distance that separates the mortal from the immortal.   Consequently, the manne r of Naming God depends alone on the beliefs equipped in the individual’s character and personality, per se.Reference:Ovid. (2004)   â€Å"The Creation.†Ã‚   Trans. David Raeburn. Metamorphoses. New York, N. Y.: Penguin Classics.â€Å"Perseus (I).†Ã‚   Trans. David Raeburn. Metamorphoses. New York, N. Y.: Penguin Classics, 2004. 171.â€Å"Scylla and Minos.†Ã‚   Trans. David Raeburn. Metamorphoses. New York, N. Y.: Penguin Classics, 2004. 293.Ricoeur, P. (1995). Figuring the Sacred: Religion, Narrative, and Imagination (D. Pellauer, Trans.). Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress Publishers.

Chinese Civilization essays

Chinese Civilization essays Chinas Influential Transformation on World History What creates a civilization that constitutes a prominent and historical influence on world history? As time has proven it is leadership in government, economy, people, conquest, trade, and military power. There have been myriads of civilizations throughout the world since the beginning of time that have brought to this world vast global benefits of ingenuous ideas including; the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. Among the most prominent countries which have produced countless numbers of technological advances, overcome structural fantasies, and displayed leadership and military capabilities within a broad scope of progress. Ancient China was seen as a land of immensely long distances and having unconquerable barriers which excluded them from other ancient civilizations; their closed door policy made their people believe they were the sole center of civilization. The easiest way to break down the Chinese civilization from the beginning of its creation is through the examination of dynasties. Chinas history covers over 11,000 years of history which, within the history of the world is significant. The dynasties measure changes in society over the different time periods which include the Early, Bronze, Classical, Age of Division, and the Early Medieval Period time periods. Chinese civilization started in 10,000 BCE when the Yangshao settled on the Huang He River. This was a small faming group consisting of small villages and archaic methods of living. Then the Lungshan people came around 3,000 BCE who were very highly developed in the ways of pottery, silk, building methods, and irrigation. The Shang and Chou dynasties begin to arise around 1700 to 250 BCE, this time was symbolized by advancement in jewelry, ancestor worship, intelligent military tactics, and many human sacrifices. Chinese rulers during this time started promoting the Mandate of Heaven. The...

The Mousterian Middle Paleolithic Tool Industry

The Mousterian Middle Paleolithic Tool Industry The Mousterian industry is the name archaeologists have given to an ancient Middle Stone Age method of making stone tools. The Mousterian is associated with our hominid relatives the Neanderthals in Europe and Asia and both Early Modern Human and Neanderthals in Africa. Mousterian stone tools were in use between about 200,000 years ago, until roughly 30,000 years ago, after the Acheulean industry, and about the same time as the Fauresmith tradition in South Africa. Stone Tools of the Mousterian The Mousterian stone tool production type is considered a technological step forward consisting of a transition from Lower Paleolithic hand-held Acheulean hand axes to hafted tools. Hafted tools are stone points or blades mounted on wooden shafts and wielded as spears or perhaps bow and arrow. A typical Mousterian stone tool assemblage is primarily defined as a flake-based tool kit made using the Levallois technique, rather than later blade-based tools. In traditional archaeological terminology, flakes are variously shaped thin stone sheets knapped off a core, while blades are flakes which are at least twice as long as their widths.   The Mousterian Toolkit Part of the Mousterian assemblage is made up of Levallois tools such as points and cores. The tool kit varies from place to place and from time to time but in general, includes the following tools: Mousterian point/convergent scraper: short, broad triangular projectile points struck from prepared coresLevallois flakes with retouch: sub-oval, subquadrangular, triangular, or leaf-shaped flakes struck from cores, which may have been retouched, that is to say, a series of small purposeful flakes have been removed from the flake to create an edge which is either sharp for cutting or blunted to make it safe to holdLevallois blades: elongated oval or rectangular blanks removed from cores with basal preparation and correction of the core convexityLevallois cores: include two types, pebble and bipolar. Pebble cores are clasts or angular rock fragments from which a series of flakes have been detached by percussion; bipolar cores are those created by placing the clast on a hard surface and striking it from above with a hard percussor History The Mousterian tool kit was identified in the 20th century to solve chronostratigraphic problems in western European Middle Paleolithic stone tool assemblages. Middle Stone Age tools were first intensively mapped in the  Levant  where British archaeologist Dorothy Garrod identified the Levantine  facies  at the site of Mugharet et-Tabà ¼n or Tabun Cave in what is today Israel. The traditional Levantine process is defined below: Tabun D or Phase 1 Levantine (270 to 170 thousand years ago [ka]), laminar blanks from Levallois and non-Levallois unipolar and  bi-polar  cores, higher frequency of retouched piecesTabun C or Phase 2 Levantine (170 to 90  ka) oval or rectangular blanks from cores, Mousterian points, side  scrapers, notches, and denticulatesTabun B or Phase 3 Levantine (90 to 48  ka), blanks from Levallois cores, Mousterian points, thin flakes and blades Since Garrods day, the Mousterian has been used as a point of departure to compare stone tools from Africa and southwest Asia. Recent Critiques However, United States archaeologist John Shea has suggested that the Mousterian category may have outlived its usefulness and may even be getting in the way of the ability for scholars to effectively study human behaviors. The Mousterian lithic technology was defined as a single entity in the early 20th century, and although during the first half of that century a range of scholars tried to subdivide it, they were largely unsuccessful. Shea (2014) points out that different regions have different percentages of the different tool types and the categories are not based on what scholars are interested in learning. Scholars would like to know, after all, what was the tool making strategy for different groups, and that is not readily available from the Mousterian technology in the way it is currently defined. Shea proposes that moving away from the traditional categories would open up paleolithic archaeology and enable it to address the central issues in paleoanthropology. A Few Mousterian Sites Levant Israel: Qafzeh, Skhul, Kebara, Hayonim, Tabun, Emeireh, Amud, Zuttiyeh, El-WadJordan: Ain DiflaSyria: El Kowm North Africa Morocco: Rhafas Cave, Dar es Soltan Central Asia Turkey: Kalatepe DeresiAfghanistan: Darra-i-KurUzbekistan: Teschik-Tasch Europe Gibraltar: Gorhams CaveFrance: Abric Romani, St. Cesaire, Grotte du NoistierSpain: LArbreda CaveSiberia: Denisova CaveUkraine: Moldova SitesCroatia: Vindija Cave Selected Sources Bar-Yosef O. 2008. ASIA, WEST: Palaeolithic Cultures. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 865-875.Close AE, and Minichillo T. 2007. Archaeological Records: Global Expansion 300,000-8000 years ago, Africa. In: Elias SA, editor. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Oxford: Elsevier. p 99-107.Culley EV, Popescu G, and Clark GA. 2013. An analysis of the compositional integrity of the Levantine Mousterian facies. Quaternary International 300:213-233.Petraglia MD, and Dennell R. 2007. Archaeological Records: Global Expansion 300,000-8000 years ago, Asia. In: Elias SA, editor. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Oxford: Elsevier. p 107-118.Shea JJ. 2013. Lithic Modes A–I: A New Framework for Describing Global-Scale Variation in Stone Tool Technology Illustrated with Evidence from the East Mediterranean Levant. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 20(1):151-186.Shea JJ. 2014. Sink the Mousterian? Named stone tool industries (NASTIES) as obstacles to investigating hominin evolutionary relationships in the Later Middle Paleolithic Levant. Quaternary International 350:169-179.

The Employees Protection Legislation to Ensure that Discrimination is Case Study

The Employees Protection Legislation to Ensure that Discrimination is Eliminated within the Workplace - Case Study Example Such kind of a situation is made possible by the fact that the policies adopted for the prevention of discrimination often times display great discrepancy between practical employment and the theoretical practice. When confronted by such a situation, most employees opt to take on steps that may help them navigate around the problem yet the results of such situations may be translated as discriminatory. In any case, a great number of employers seek to employ the most suitable candidates for the positions that lay vacant and for the sake of performance, employers attempt to offer the best environment for their employees. The environment includes the physical as well as the social environments in which the employees can perform to their maximum best. With these considerations to make, the employer has to make a careful selection of the most suitable individuals for their vacant positions. The policies that prohibit against discrimination of people in the workplace apply to all points in the employment including the advertisement for a vacant position, the actual interviewing of persons, when the employee is hired, during the exercise of firing, in times of allocating benefits, during retirement and in the practice of lay off among other points.  Ã‚   Case study 1; emerging issues The first case sites a competently qualified individual who had a gay sexual orientation. The man had passed all the necessary tests and the interview and the interviewing panel for the local authority admitted that he was among the eight highly qualified individuals for the position of an apprentice electrician. Even though the panel decided not to deny him the opportunity because of his sexual orientation, they figured that his working environment might not prove conducive for performance. It was with this consideration that the panel dismissed him for the job. The rights of employment that regards the sexual orientation of the employees or the employees to be are embedded in the Commission on equality and human rights. The commission aims at reducing any form of discrimination against transsexual people at all levels of employment. Transsexual people include gay and lesbian individuals within the workplace. In fact, the regulations are not only enforced by the commission at the national level but also at the level of the local authorities. This then suggests that the local authority in which the man, in this case, could be held accountable at the local level for displaying discrimination towards the man. To make the impact even greater, the policies governing gender equality also cover the transsexual individuals found within the workplace or those who are at the recruitment level. This, therefore, suggests the myriad of constitutionally recognized areas that could be used against the local authority in this case study.